Archive for category Security Deposit

SECURITY DEPOSIT TRANSMITTAL LETTERS: How To Draft A Legal 21-Day Letter

Mar 4

Posted by Tristan R. Pettit, Esq. in ATCP 134, Security Deposit | 4 Comments

Security deposit withholding issues are the second most litigated area in landlord tenant law after evictions.  If a landlord makes improper deduction from a tenant’s security deposit, pursuant to ATCP 134 and §100.20, Wis. Stats., the tenant may sue the landlord for double damages and attorney’s fees.  There are numerous published Court of Appeals decisions in Wisconsin dealing with this exact issue.  I would like to offer a few suggestions to landlords which will hopefully keep you from making any improper security deposit deductions.

First, we need to address some basics . . .

A security deposit is defined as “any payment that is given to a landlord as security for the performance of the tenants obligations under the rental agreement.” ATCP 134.01(11).

ATCP 134.06(2), states that “within 21 days after a tenant surrenders the rental property, the landlord shall deliver or mail to the tenant the full amount of any security deposit held by the landlord, less any amounts properly withheld by the landlord.”

If you would like to know what a landlord may legally deduct from a tenant’s security deposit you will want to read my Jan. 17th post.

ATCP 134.06(4), states “If any portion of a security deposit is withheld by the landlord, the landlord shall, within the time period and manner prescribed in sub.(2) – 21 days — deliver or mail to the tenant a written statement accounting for all amounts withheld.  The statement shall describe each item of physical damages or other claim made against the security deposit, and the amount withheld as reasonable compensation for each item or claim.”

I will refer to this written statement interchangeably as either the “security deposit transmittal letter” or the “21-day letter.”

According to ATCP 134 all prepaid rent in excess of one month is legally considered to be a security deposit.  So if you require a new tenant to pay first and last months rent plus a security deposit, legally the security deposit will also include the last month’s rent

Essentially a landlord must either return a tenant’s security deposit or send the tenant an itemization of how the tenant’s security deposit was applied within 21 days after the tenant surrenders the premises.  This is mandatory.  No matter what the situation – even if you are legally entitled to keep all of the tenant’s security deposit – you must still send the tenant a letter explaining to them why you can legally keep it and how it was applied.  There is no situation in which you should not be sending the 21-day letter to a vacating residential tenant in Wisconsin.  Even if common sense tells you it is not necessary (i.e. the tenant told me to use his/her security deposit to pay for the last month’s rent) you should still send out the letter.  If you are wrong the ramification may be expensive.  Be safe – send the letter each and every time. Read the rest of this entry »

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What May A Wisconsin Landlord Legally Deduct From A Tenant’s Security Deposit?

Jan 17

Posted by Tristan R. Pettit, Esq. in ATCP 134, Security Deposit | 9 Comments

I have received many calls from both landlords and managers over the years asking me if they are legally allowed to deduct X, Y, or Z from a tenant’s security deposit.  I fielded such a question just last week – sounds like a good topic for a blog post.

Wisconsin Administrative Code, ATCP 134.06(3) states that a landlord may deduct from a tenant’s security deposit for the following:

1.   Damage, waste, or neglect of the unit

2.   Unpaid rent

3.   Unpaid utilities for which the tenant is responsible

4.   Payment for which the tenant owes for direct utility service provided by a government-owned utility (to the extent that the landlord becomes liable for the tenant’s nonpayment)

5.   Unpaid mobile home parking fees which a local unit of government has assessed against the tenant (to the extent that the landlord becomes liable for the tenant’s nonpayment), and

6.   Other reasons as set forth in a document entitled “Nonstandard Rental Provisions.”

For the majority of landlords and managers out there, items #4 and #5 are not often applicable, so I will focus my attention on the remaining items.

Damage, Waste or Neglect:   There is no bright line rule or definition of what constitutes damage, waste, or neglect.  This is determined on a case-by-case basis and each court commissioner or judge may have a different view on the topic.  The best way to prove that a tenant damaged, wasted or neglected your rental property is to (1) use a “Check-In Check-Out” form and (2) take lots of photographs.

If you want to hold a tenant responsible for damage that they caused to your rental unit then you must first demonstrate that the damage was not pre-existing.  To do this you should take photos of the entire rental unit prior to a tenant moving in.  You should also complete a Check-In form yourself prior to the tenant moving in.  Essentially a Check-In form lists the various rooms and areas of the rental unit and provides space for you to note any damage or problems.  Once the tenant has moved in you should then provide the tenant with a blank Check-In form and ask them to complete it fully, date it, and sign it and then return it to you promptly. Read the rest of this entry »

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Landlords Should Not Play Games With Tenants’ Security Deposits

Jan 7

Posted by Tristan R. Pettit, Esq. in ATCP 134, Caselaw, Security Deposit, Tenant Damage | 8 Comments

A new landlord-tenant decision has been reccomended for publication.  The case of Boelter v. Tschantz involves a tenant suing her past landlord for double damages and attorney’s fees for making improper deductions from her security deposit.  
 
The essential facts are as follows:

1.   Tschantz (the landlord) withheld money from the tenant’s security deposit.

2.   The key deductions that were made were: (1) $323.84 for the tenant’s water bill and (2) $85 to repair a clogged toilet.

3.   After withholding a portion of the tenant’s security deposit to pay her water bill, the landlord then failed to pay the bill timely.  As such, the tenant opted to pay the utility directly to avoid late fees. 

4.   The landlord then sent a refund check to the tenant — three weeks later — for the amount that he deducted from her security deposit to cover the water bill along with a Post-It note that said “Oh, too bad no double damages for you.” 

5.   The landlord then stopped payment on the check prior to the tenant cashing it.

The Court of Appeals held that the landlord violated ATCP 134 as a result of his “game-playing” with the tenant’s security deposit. 

First violation of ATCP 134:  The court held that it was unreasonable for the landlord to withhold money from his tenant’s security deposit in order to pay her water bill and then not use that money to pay the water bill timely.  The court specifically stated, “A landlord cannot indefinitely retain a deposit — merely as a deposit — after a tenant vacates.”  Read the rest of this entry »

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